CYTOPLASM & ITS ORGANELLES (Endoplasmic reticulum)

👉 Cytoplasm is a Amorphous & Translucent Structure.

Translucent are two type:-

1) True Solution

2) Colloidal Solution

👉 In True Solution Suger, Amino acids, Nucleotides, are present in Cytoplasmic materials. 

👉 In Colloidal Solution Protein & Fat droplets are present. 

NOTE- Cytoplasm are present between Plasma membrane and Nuclear membrane.

Parts of Cytoplasm:-

Cytoplasm are divided into two different types. 

1) Cytoplasmic matrix 

2)Cytoplasmic Structure 

👉 Cytoplasmic matrix:-✔ it is a site for metabolic reactions (Glycolysis). 

✔ Site of organelles & inclusion.

✔ Pseudopodia formation(sol🔄gel Inter conversion).

✔ Circular movement of Cytoplasm is called Cyclosis. discover by "Amici"

✔ Cytoplasm is rotate about large vaecoule is known as Rotational movement this is always unidirectional.

(Protoplasm=Neucloplasm+Cytoplasm)

👉Cytoplasmic structure:-

1) Cell organelles & inclusion body. Lo

        STRUCTURE OF CYTOPLASM                                                  &                                                          CELL ORGANELLES 

              ✴✴CELL ORGANELLES✴✴

       1) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  a) observed by "Garnier". 

  b) Ultra structure given by Porter,Claude, & Fullam.

  c) term is given by Porter.

Note:- ✔ Present all Eukaryotic cell except germinal cell & mature mammaline RBC.

✔ Absent in Prokaryotic cell. 

Elements of Endoplasmic reticulum:-

        ✔ Cisternae

        ✔ Viscles 

        ✔ Tubules 

Types of Endoplasmic reticulum & its function:-  

These are two type:-

👉Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

👉Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

1) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum:-

 ✔ mainly madeup of cisternae. 

 ✔ it is always closer to the nuclear membrane. 

✔ Ribosome on it's surface. 

✔ it is helps protein synthesis & its transport. from nuclear membrane to organelles. 

✔ RER➡➡SER➡➡Golgibody➡➡ Primary Lysosome➡➡➡Exocytosis

                  ⬇⬇⬇

                  ⬇⬇⬇

       After digestion of food

Functions of RER:-

 👉 secreation of fibroblasts. e.g. Collegen, Elastin

👉 protein synthesis & it's transport. 

👉 help in formation of GERL system.(G=Golgibody, ER= Endoplasmic reticulum, L=Lysosome)

               STRUCTURE OF RER

2) Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum:-

 ✔ madeup of Tubules.

 ✔ closer to Plasma membrane. 

 ✔ Ribosome are absent on it's surface.

 ✔ It help formation of lipids & it's transport. 

 ✔ Sarcoplasmic reticulum is formed by Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum. 

 

   Functions of SER:-

 👉Glycogenolysis in liver cells.

 👉 Detoxification of liver. 

 👉 removal of lactic acid from muscles. 

 👉 Synthesis of lipids & fatty acids.

           STRUCTURE OF SER

 Some common functions of RER & SER:-

       👉provides frame work of cells. 

       👉 transfer of protein & lipids to Golgibody. 

       👉 It helps in compartmentlization. 

       👉 cell plate formation during cell division. 

       👉 all membrane bound structures are interconnected by Endoplasmic reticulum. 

       

NOTE:- ✔ Masses of RER which are present in cyton of neuron is known as Nissl's granules.

✔ Masses of SER found in retinal cell is known as Myeloid body. 

    

                 ❇❇ THANK YOU ❇❇